How we research, verify and update
Our standards for sourcing, fact-checking, medical framing, corrections and independence across every page of this guide.
Sources
We rank our sources and use them in order. First, FDA labels, approval letters and safety communications. Second, ClinicalTrials.gov and peer-reviewed publications. Third, company press releases and SEC filings. Fourth, court dockets. Fifth, government data from CMS, KFF and states. Finally, reputable trade and general press. We read community discussion only to learn what questions people are asking; we never treat it as a source of fact.
Verification
Every article is fact-checked before publication by re-tracing its most important claims back to their sources. Every page shows a last-verified date. Time-sensitive facts such as prices, approval status, litigation and coverage are re-checked at the primary source. Anything we cannot confirm is clearly marked as unverified.
Medical framing
We describe what labels, guidelines and studies say. We never recommend a medication, a dose or a change to treatment. Practical pages summarize FDA-approved instructions and point readers to their own prescription and provider. Nothing on this site substitutes for professional advice.
Independence
We accept no payment from drugmakers, pharmacies or telehealth companies for coverage. Affiliate links are labeled and covered by the affiliate disclosure. Affiliate relationships never decide which providers we mention or how we describe them.
Dates and prices
We write dates out in full. Prices are given in US dollars with the type stated: list, self-pay or insured, along with the date checked. When sources give ranges, we report them as ranges.